Sorry to hear that you're having a hard time with your Kemper. I've heard a lot of teeth-grindingly bad profiles, so that might be what you're experiencing, but between your clip and Burkhard 's response, I think there's cause for doing some more tests to isolate the problem.
I'll try to offer some context on what I think he was pointing to.
The "r mode" reference I believe was to your Clarett that you mention "...But this problem also happens when using my Focusrite Clarett 4pre." The "Air" mode, perhaps? I don't know about a 12db boost at 4khz, but it would have a high shelf boost somewhere in the upper bands and I could see that not being a good thing for a modeled guitar signal.
He quotes from the UA website: "A microphone is typically connected with an XLR connector, and an instrument or line level signal is connected with a ¼” (6.35 mm) TS or TRS plug. Preamp gain and impedance automatically adjusts for line or mic signals, based on whether the plug is XLR or ¼”, along with the state of the INST button.
Press the INST button to toggle the impedance and gain of the line input to accommodate a Hi-Z instrument, such as an electric guitar or bass."
You mention "Main output on Kemper set to Master Mono. Main volume -20 rig volume at 0.0."
dmatthews suggests this from the Kemper manual: "Whenever the device (e.g. mixing desk or audio interface) connected to the MAIN OUTPUT XLR or TS jacks indicates too much level coming from the PROFILER, or there is the need to set the Main Output Volume to less than -12 dB, then activate the Main Output Pad to reduce the signal level of the Main Output by 12 dB. This increases the range of the Main Output Volume control and preserves the signal-to-noise ratio of the Main Output."
To me, all of this sounds like you've got something going on between the Kemper and your interface where you're getting a hotter signal than you should, seeing as you're dropping it -20db. Using an XLR cable into the UA would activate the mic preamps based on the info above, and apply a boost to your signal that it shouldn't need, which would cause you to go into the Kemper and drop that Main Output signal to stop from clipping. If that's what's happening, you're not getting an ideal version of the signal into your computer and it rules out being able to test anything with any confidence moving forward.
Have you tried the following?
- Activate the Main Output Pad on the Kemper so that you're not having to drop the signal so much at the Main Output - it shouldn't need to go below -12db if the Main Output pad is on and there isn't some other strange boost happening elsewhere.
- Use a 1/4" TS cable into your UA. Check all of your preamp settings on the UA for any boost or volume increase. Turn off any compressors that might be on, vintage preamp mode, anything besides just getting the signal into your computer at a level that seems to be in line with what the documentation expects.
As far as the noise you're reporting, I didn't hear it in your first clip, but I did hear a weird "whistling" on the sustained notes. Not sure what this is, but it sounds like pickups that are too close to the strings... but you just got your guitar back from a setup. If your Solar has those Fluence pickups, would it be related to the battery? Can you replicate with a passive guitar?
Later, you mention noise after turning on your computer and possibly being related to being close to it or what angle you're facing the computer at. This definitely could be related to your interface boosting the signal from the Kemper or adding compression, raising the signal to noise floor. It advertises functions relating to both these things, so I would make sure to rule out anything here too.
It seems like your dry signal recording has been verified by Kemper support, which would make me hesitant to incur any shipping costs for service or replacement - I think the problem is between the Kemper and the computer, OR you have profiles that you don't particularly like.
Hope that was helpful to some degree and that your problems get resolved soon!